概念:
Java DataBase Connectivity Java 数据库连接, Java语言操作数据库
JDBC本质:
其实是官方(sun公司)定义的一套操作所有关系型数据库的规则,即接口。各个数据库厂商去实现这套接口,提供数据库驱动jar包。我们可以使用这套接口(JDBC)编程,真正执行的代码是驱动jar包中的实现类。
快速入门:
步骤:
- 导入驱动jar包 mysql-connector-java-5.1.37-bin.jar
1.复制mysql-connector-java-5.1.37-bin.jar到项目的libs目录下
2.右键–>Add As Library
- 注册驱动
- 获取数据库连接对象 Connection
- 定义sql
- 获取执行sql语句的对象 Statement
- 执行sql,接受返回结果
- 处理结果
- 释放资源
实现代码:
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| package cn.itcast.jdbc;
import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.Statement;
public class jdbcDemo1 { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"); Connection coon = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jk2010", "root", "hw205683"); String sql = "update user set upassword=199 where uid=1"; Statement stmt = coon.createStatement(); int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql); System.out.println(count); stmt.close(); coon.close(); } }
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详解各个对象:
DriverManager:驱动管理对象
功能
🌂注册驱动:告诉程序该使用哪一个数据库驱动jar
注意:mysql5之后的驱动jar包可以省略注册驱动的步骤。
🌂🌂获取数据库连接:
- 方法:static Connection getConnection(String url, String user, String password)
- 参数:
- url:指定连接的路径
- 语法:jdbc:mysql://ip地址(域名):端口号/数据库名称
- 例子:jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jk2010
- 细节:如果连接的是本机mysql服务器,并且mysql服务默认端口是3306,则url可以简写为:jdbc:mysql:///数据库名称
- user:用户名
- password:密码
Connection:数据库连接对象
功能
获取执行sql 的对象
Statement createStatement()
PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql)
管理事务:
开启事务:setAutoCommit(boolean autoCommit) :调用该方法设置参数为false,即开启事务
提交事务:commit()
回滚事务:rollback()
Statement:执行sql的对象
- 执行sql
- boolean execute(String sql) :可以执行任意的sql 了解
- int executeUpdate(String sql) :执行DML(insert、update、delete)语句、DDL(create,alter、drop)语句
- 返回值:影响的行数,可以通过这个影响的行数判断DML语句是否执行成功 返回值>0的则执行成功,反之,则失败。
- ResultSet executeQuery(String sql) :执行DQL(select)语句
- 练习:
- account表 添加一条记录
- account表 修改记录
- account表 删除一条记录
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| package cn.itcast.jdbc;
import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.SQLException; import java.sql.Statement;
public class JdbcDemo02 { public static void main(String[] args) { Statement stmt = null; Connection conn = null; try { Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"); String sql = "insert into user values(null ,'hw',1999)"; conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jk2010", "root", "hw205683"); stmt = conn.createStatement(); int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql); System.out.println(count); if (count > 0) { System.out.println("添加成功"); } else { System.out.println("添加失败"); }
} catch (ClassNotFoundException | SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (stmt != null) { try { stmt.close(); } catch (SQLException throwables) { throwables.printStackTrace(); }
}
if (stmt != null) { try { stmt.close(); } catch (SQLException throwables) { throwables.printStackTrace(); }
} }
} }
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| package cn.itcast.jdbc;
import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.SQLException; import java.sql.Statement;
/** * user表 修改记录 */ public class JdbcDemo03 { public static void main(String[] args) { Connection conn = null; Statement stmt = null; try { // 1.注册驱动 Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"); // 2.获取连接对象 conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jk2010", "root", "hw205683"); // 3.定义sql String sql = "update user set upassword=22 where uid=4"; // 4.获取sql对象 stmt = conn.createStatement(); //执 5.行sql int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql); // 6.处理结果 System.out.println(count); if (count > 0) { System.out.println("修改成功"); } else { System.out.println("修改失败"); } } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (SQLException throwables) { throwables.printStackTrace(); } finally { //释放资源 if (stmt != null) { try { stmt.close(); } catch (SQLException throwables) { throwables.printStackTrace(); } } if (conn != null) { try { conn.close(); } catch (SQLException throwables) { throwables.printStackTrace(); } } } } }
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| package cn.itcast.jdbc;
import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.SQLException; import java.sql.Statement;
/** * user表 删除一条记录 */ public class JdbcDemo04 { public static void main(String[] args) { Connection conn = null; Statement stmt = null; try { // 1.注册驱动 Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"); // 2.获取连接对象 conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jk2010", "root", "hw205683"); // 3.定义sql String sql = "delete from user where uid=7"; // 4.获取sql对象 stmt = conn.createStatement(); //执 5.行sql int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql); // 6.处理结果 System.out.println(count); if (count > 0) { System.out.println("删除成功"); } else { System.out.println("删除失败"); } } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (SQLException throwables) { throwables.printStackTrace(); } finally { //释放资源 if (stmt != null) { try { stmt.close(); } catch (SQLException throwables) { throwables.printStackTrace(); } } if (conn != null) { try { conn.close(); } catch (SQLException throwables) { throwables.printStackTrace(); } } } } }
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执行DDL语句
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| package cn.itcast.jdbc;
import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.SQLException; import java.sql.Statement;
public class JdbcDemo05 { public static void main(String[] args) { Connection conn = null; Statement stmt = null; try { Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"); conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jk2010", "root", "hw205683"); String sql = "create table st1 (id int ,name varchar(20))"; stmt = conn.createStatement(); int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql); System.out.println(count); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (SQLException throwables) { throwables.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (stmt != null) { try { stmt.close(); } catch (SQLException throwables) { throwables.printStackTrace(); } } if (conn != null) { try { conn.close(); } catch (SQLException throwables) { throwables.printStackTrace(); } } } } }
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ResultSet:
ResultSet:结果集对象,封装查询结
- boolean next(): 游标向下移动一行,判断当前行是否是最后一行末尾(是否有数据),如果是,则返回false,如果不是则返回true
- getXxx(参数):获取数据
- Xxx:代表数据类型 如: int getInt() , String getString()
- 参数:
- int:代表列的编号,从1开始 如: getString(1)
- String:代表列名称。 如: getDouble(“balance”)
- 注意:
- 使用步骤:
- 游标向下移动一行
- 判断是否有数据
- 获取数据
`循环判断游标是否是最后一行末尾。
while(rs.next()){
//获取数据
//6.2 获取数据
int id = rs.getInt(1);
String name = rs.getString(“name”);
double balance = rs.getDouble(3);
System.out.println(id + “—“ + name + “—“ + balance);
}`
- 练习:
- 定义一个方法,查询emp表的数据将其封装为对象,然后装载集合,返回。
- 定义Emp类
- 定义方法 public List findAll(){}
- 实现方法 select * from emp;
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| package cn.itcast.jdbc;
import java.sql.*;
public class JdbcDemo06 { public static void main(String[] args) { Connection conn = null; Statement stmt = null; ResultSet rs = null; try { Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"); conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jk2010", "root", "hw205683"); String sql = "select * from user"; stmt = conn.createStatement(); rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql); while (rs.next()) { int uid = rs.getInt(1); String uname = rs.getString(2); String upassword = rs.getString(3); System.out.println(uid + "---" + uname + "---" + upassword); } } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (SQLException throwables) { throwables.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (rs != null) { try { rs.close(); } catch (SQLException throwables) { throwables.printStackTrace(); } } if (stmt != null) { try { stmt.close(); } catch (SQLException throwables) { throwables.printStackTrace(); } } if (conn != null) { try { conn.close(); } catch (SQLException throwables) { throwables.printStackTrace(); } } } } }
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PreparedStatement
PreparedStatement:执行sql的对象
- SQL注入问题:在拼接sql时,有一些sql的特殊关键字参与字符串的拼接。会造成安全性问题
输入用户随便,输入密码:a’ or ‘a’ = ‘a
- sql:select * from user where username = ‘fhdsjkf’ and password = ‘a’ or ‘a’ = ‘a’
解决sql注入问题:使用PreparedStatement对象来解决
预编译的SQL:参数使用?作为占位符
步骤:
- 导入驱动jar包 mysql-connector-java-5.1.37-bin.jar
- 注册驱动
- 获取数据库连接对象 Connection
- 定义sql
- 注意:sql的参数使用?作为占位符。 如:select * from user where username = ? and password = ?;
- 获取执行sql语句的对象 PreparedStatement Connection.prepareStatement(String sql)
- 给?赋值:
- 执行sql,接受返回结果,不需要传递sql语句
- 处理结果
- 释放资源
注意:后期都会使用PreparedStatement来完成增删改查的所有操作
- 可以防止SQL注入
- 效率更高
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| package cn.itcast.jdbc;
import until.JDBCUtils; import until.JdbcUiils;
import java.sql.*; import java.util.Scanner;
class JdbcDemo10 {
public static void main(String[] args) { Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.println("请输入用户名:"); String username = sc.nextLine(); System.out.println("请输入密码:"); String password = sc.nextLine(); boolean flag = new JdbcDemo10().login2(username, password); if (flag) { System.out.println("登录成功!"); } else { System.out.println("用户名或密码错误!"); }
}
public boolean login2(String username, String password) { if (username == null || password == null) { return false; } Connection conn = null; PreparedStatement pstmt = null; ResultSet rs = null; try { conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection(); String sql = "select * from user2 where username =? and password = ?"; pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql); pstmt.setString(1, password); pstmt.setString(2, password); rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
return rs.next();
} catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { JdbcUiils.close(rs, pstmt, conn); } return false; } }
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抽取JDBC工具类 : JDBCUtils
目的:简化书写
分析:
注册驱动也抽取
抽取一个方法获取连接对象
- 需求:不想传递参数(麻烦),还得保证工具类的通用性。
- 解决:配置文件
jdbc.properties
url=
user=
password=
抽取一个方法释放资源
代码实现:
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| package until;
import java.io.FileReader; import java.io.IOException; import java.net.URL; import java.sql.*; import java.util.Properties;
public class JdbcUiils { private static String url; private static String user; private static String password; private static String driver;
static { try { Properties pro = new Properties(); ClassLoader classLoader = JdbcUiils.class.getClassLoader(); URL res = classLoader.getResource("jdbc.properties"); String pathh = res.getPath(); pro.load(new FileReader("src/jdbc.properties")); url = pro.getProperty("url"); user = pro.getProperty("user"); password = pro.getProperty("password"); driver = pro.getProperty("driver"); Class.forName(driver); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }
public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException { return DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password); }
public static void close(Statement stmt, Connection conn) { if (stmt != null) { try { stmt.close(); } catch (SQLException throwables) { throwables.printStackTrace(); } } if (conn != null) { try { conn.close(); } catch (SQLException throwables) { throwables.printStackTrace(); } } }
public static void close(ResultSet rs, Statement stmt, Connection conn) { if (rs != null) { try { rs.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }
if (stmt != null) { try { stmt.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }
if (conn != null) { try { conn.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }
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练习:
* 需求:
1. 通过键盘录入用户名和密码
2. 判断用户是否登录成功
* select * from user where username = “” and password = “”;
* 如果这个sql有查询结果,则成功,反之,则失败
步骤:
创建数据库表 user
CREATE TABLE USER(
id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
username VARCHAR(32),
PASSWORD VARCHAR(32)
);
INSERT INTO USER VALUES(NULL,’zhangsan’,’123’);
INSERT INTO USER VALUES(NULL,’lisi’,’234’);
代码实现:
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| package cn.itcast.jdbc;
import until.JDBCUtils; import until.JdbcUiils;
import java.sql.*; import java.util.Scanner;
class JdbcDemo09 {
public static void main(String[] args) { Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.println("请输入用户名:"); String username = sc.nextLine(); System.out.println("请输入密码:"); String password = sc.nextLine(); boolean flag = new JdbcDemo09().login(username, password); if (flag) { System.out.println("登录成功!"); } else { System.out.println("用户名或密码错误!"); }
}
public boolean login(String username, String password) { if (username == null || password == null) { return false; } Connection conn = null; Statement stmt = null; ResultSet rs = null; try { conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection(); String sql = "select * from user2 where username = '" + username + "' and password = '" + password + "' "; stmt = conn.createStatement(); rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
return rs.next();
} catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { JdbcUiils.close(rs, stmt, conn); } return false; } }
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JDBC控制事务:
- 事务:一个包含多个步骤的业务操作。如果这个业务操作被事务管理,则这多个步骤要么同时成功,要么同时失败。
- 操作:
- 开启事务
- 提交事务
- 回滚事务
- 使用Connection对象来管理事务
- 开启事务:setAutoCommit(boolean autoCommit) :调用该方法设置参数为false,即开启事务
- 提交事务:commit()
- 回滚事务:rollback()
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| package cn.itcast.jdbc;
import until.JdbcUiils;
import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.PreparedStatement; import java.sql.SQLException;
public class JdbcDemo11 { public static void main(String[] args) { Connection conn = null; PreparedStatement pstmt1 = null; PreparedStatement pstmt2 = null; try { conn = JdbcUiils.getConnection(); conn.setAutoCommit(false); String sql1 = "update account set balance=balance - ? where id =?"; String sql2 = "update account set balance=balance + ? where id =?"; pstmt1 = conn.prepareStatement(sql1); pstmt2 = conn.prepareStatement(sql2); pstmt1.setDouble(1, 500); pstmt1.setInt(2, 1);
pstmt2.setDouble(1, 500); pstmt2.setInt(2, 2); pstmt1.executeUpdate(); pstmt2.executeUpdate(); conn.commit(); } catch (Exception e) { try { if (conn != null) { conn.rollback(); } } catch (SQLException throwables) { throwables.printStackTrace(); } } finally { JdbcUiils.close(pstmt1, conn); JdbcUiils.close(pstmt2, null); } } }
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